Blue Fuel Energy
A real solution to real problems
Global warming is real. That humankind has induced this scourge through the careless combustion of greenhouse-gas (GHG) generating fossil fuels is beyond debate. And despite the remarkably low price for a barrel of oil at present ($35-$40 in late 2008), the finite nature of the world’s oil resources is also real. The recession in which the global economy is currently mired is no illusion either. We are at a critical junction.
Business as usual is not an option
This applies profoundly to the energy field, where, fortunately, a “renewables revolution” is gaining traction around the world. In British Columbia (BC), Canada, Blue Fuel Energy is at the forefront of this revolution as we prepare to provide a practical, short- and medium-term option to fossil fuels for power generation, transportation and heating and cooking.
The world does not have time to wait for end-game solutions to bail us out at the 59-minute mark of the eleventh hour. We must act now if we are to prevent GHG emissions from peaking after 2015, the year regularly pegged by climate scientists as a cut-off point by which a drastic reduction in GHG emissions must be underway to prevent runaway climate change––and the consequent irreversible destruction of ecosystems and civilization as we know them.
Leading alternative to fossil fuels
Blue Fuel is now widely recognized by alternative fuel experts as a leading alternative fuel––one with, according to a 2005 report by US Department of Energy researchers, the greatest potential impact on society and should thus be considered the fuel of choice for eliminating dependency on petroleum-based fuels, such as natural gas, diesel, and propane, which carbon-neutral Blue Fuel can replace.
No new technology required
Not a panacea but a spoke in the clean alternative energy wheel, Blue Fuel can be used in many applications without the advent of new technology or scientific breakthroughs. Blue Fuel can be produced, distributed and used today with existing technologies. No light bulbs need turn on in the minds of researchers and inventors. Blue Fuel––like global warming, the upcoming oil shortage, and the recession––is for real.
Stepping stone to the Hydrogen Age
What is not yet real, but getting closer to being so, is the reforming, onboard vehicles, of Blue Fuel into hydrogen for powering fuel cells––devices that generate no CO2. The use of Blue Fuel for this purpose would solve two critical problems in the use of hydrogen as a transportation fuel: transportation and storage. When onboard reforming is perfected, Blue Fuel will serve as a stepping stone to the Hydrogen Age––and its full potential will be realized.
Water as Fuel?
Oleh: Jayan Sentanuhady
Bahan bakar (fuel) umumnya dari bahan-2 hidrokarbon seperti metan, propan, heptan, batu bara, arang, dll. Bahan bakar tersebut tersusun dari unsur carbon dan hydrogen. Tetapi hidrogen saja juga bisa dijadikan bahan bakar layaknya bahan bakar hidrokarbon. Jika bahan bakar hidrokarbon umumnya didapat dari bahan bakar fosil, bahan bakar hidrogen umunya didapat dengan cara elektoslisis dari berbagai sumber. Salah satu sumbernya tentu adalah air yang gratis dan murah didapat (kecuali air AQUA). Tetapi walau hidrogen diproses dari air, air (H2O dalam bentuk cair) tidak bisa disebut sebagai bahan bakar. Dengan melakukan proses elektrolisis, H2O tersebut dapat diubah menjadi gas hidrogen. Hidrogen inilah yang digunakan sebagai bahan bakar, jadi bahan bakarnya bukan air. Pada umumnya elektrolisis dengan menggunakan teknik pemberian electric pulse ke air. (tentang elektrolis akan di bahas tersendiri, krn chain branchingnya ruwet…)
Jika perekasinya (oksidizer) udara (0.21 O2 + 0.79 N2), hasil akhir proses reaksinya adalah H2O (dalam bentuk uap) dan N2 (tidak bereaksi, tetapi berfungsi sebagai diluent atau penghambat reaksi). Seperti hidrogen-2 yang lain, hasil pembakarannya juga sama reaktifnya
After we discuss what is the blue energy, then we we know that we can can get fuel from the water. So in this part i will provide the explanation of the proses to make the fuel from water.Actually the process called ”electrolysis”. Let’s we see the explanation as below:
The Hydrogen and Oxygen of Water
________________________________________
Hydrogen + Oxygen = Water
The simple statement that water is made from hydrogen and oxygen doesn't give us a very clear picture of what really goes into the creation of a molecule of water. A quick look at the chemical equation for the formation of water tells us more.
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O
It takes two molecules of the diatomic hydrogen gas, combined with one molecule of the diatomic oxygen gas to produce two molecules of water. In other words the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 2:1, the ratio of hydrogen to water is 1:1, and the ratio of oxygen to water is 1:2.
There's something more though that doesn't show up in the equation. Energy. The formation of water from it's elements produces, in addition to water, a tremendous amount of energy, 572 kJ to be exact.
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O + ENERGY
This is an example of an exothermic reaction, a reaction that produces energy. It is also an example of what is called a combustion reaction, where a substance (in this case hydrogen gas) is combined with oxygen. You are probably familiar with this reaction through two tragic examples of the unleashed energy of the combustion reaction of hydrogen, the Hindenburg, and the spaceshuttle Challenger.
Hydrogen Fuel?
Yes - hydrogen is a good, clean fuel, producing only water as a by-product. Unfortunately it produces so much energy that it can get out of control, resulting in an explosion. But let's forget about that explosive part for a minute and think about the possibilities - Hydrogen as a New Clean Fuel - it could be the end of the energy crisis - but where would we get the hydrogen?
Can we create Hydrogen from Water?
Oh Yes! It's the same chemical reaction, but run in reverse:
2H2O + ENERGY = 2H2 + O2
Notice now that the requirement is for energy to be ADDED TO the reactants. This is an example of an Endothermic reaction. This means that we could use Water as a Fuel! IF (and this is a big if) we could find an easy way to convert the water to hydrogen and oxygen, then the hydrogen could be used as a clean fuel.
One way to convert Water to Hydrogen and Oxygen is through the process of Electrolysis - using electricity as the source of energy to drive the reaction. Let's take a look at what that might look like:
IMAGE SOURCE: "Chemistry in Context" Wm C Brown Publishers, Dubuque Iowa, 2nd edition, A project of the American Chemical Society, ed: A. Truman Schwartz et al., 1997, Chapter 5 "The Wonder of Water"
________________________________________
Isn't this rather circular?
Using Energy to break water to form hydrogen to combine oxygen to form Energy - in this way is rather circular. In fact, because of the laws of thermodynamics, you can't break even in this exchange of energy. However, there exist better ways to disassemble water - namely using CATALYSIS.
IMAGE SOURCE: "Chemistry in Context" Wm C Brown Publishers, Dubuque Iowa, 2nd edition, A project of the American Chemical Society, ed: A. Truman Schwartz et al., 1997, Chapter 5 "The Wonder of Water"
________________________________________
What does a catalyst do?
A catalyst is a chemical compound that acts to speed up a reaction, but in the process is not itself changed. Therefore the catalyst, at the end of the reaction, is free to act again to assist another reactant through the reaction.
Catalysts work by lowering the energy barrier between the reactants and the products. In this case:
2H2O + ENERGY = 2H2 + O2
where it normally takes a tremendous amount of energy to convert reactants to products - the addition of a catalyst can decrease the amount of energy required and therefore speed the reaction up!
2H2O + CATALYST+ energy = 2H2 + O2 + CATALYST
________________________________________
Does this catalyst really exist?
Sort of...... Have you ever wondered how a plant uses water and carbon dioxide to create glucose and oxygen? This too is an endothermic reaction, an energy producing reaction run in reverse. Normally we would think of using glucose as a fuel, through oxidation we could produce carbon dioxide, water and energy - In fact this is what OUR bodies do to provide us with the energy we need for maintaining all of our bodily functions including THINKING!
Glucose (C6H12O6) + Oxygen (O2) = Water (H20) + Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + ENERGY
To run the reaction in reverse, the plant utilizes a catalyst - CHLOROPHYLL - and the energy from the SUN to aid in the decomposition of water. While the chlorophyllic reaction does produce diatomic oxygen gas, it does not produce the hydrogen in a gaseous form. The hydrogen released from the water is used for the formation of glucose.
Could we use such a catalyst for converting Water and Sunlight into Fuel?
Scientists often use Nature as a model for the development of new compounds. One such development, which has been studied extensively in this regard, is a molecule known as Rubippy. The structure of Rubippy is shown below. It is similar in structure to the chlorophyll molecule having a metal center (in chlorophyll it's a magnesium ion, in rubippy it's a ruthenium ion) and an attached system of organic rings (in chlorophyll its a porphyrin derivative, in rubippy its a pyridine derivative).
IMAGE SOURCE: "Chemistry in Context" Wm C Brown Publishers, Dubuque Iowa, 2nd edition, A project of the American Chemical Society, ed: A. Truman Schwartz et al., 1997, Chapter 5 "The Wonder of Water"
Acting as "relay" channel for the transfer of electrons, Rubippy has shown some potential to do just that - convert water and sunlight into a clean, seemingly inexhaustible, source of energy. However, while rubippy has shown promise in this regard, it is not a commercially viable enterprise because of it's high cost, instability, and low efficiency.
If Scientists were able to get Rubippy to work, or created a viable alternative, what would we do about the explosion potential of using Hydrogen Fuel?
Good question! Would you believe that it is possible to do the combustion of hydrogen without letting the oxygen and hydrogen come in contact? This can happen in a FUEL CELL. A fuel cell is like a battery - It utilizes a chemical reaction to produce electricity. A drawing of a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is shown below:
IMAGE SOURCE: "Chemistry in Context" Wm C Brown Publishers, Dubuque Iowa, 2nd edition, A project of the American Chemical Society, ed: A. Truman Schwartz et al., 1997, Chapter 5 "The Wonder of Water"
The kind of fuel cell shown here are routinely used in the space program. If this technology ever becomes viably available to the common person, the estimated cost of a fuel-cell hydrogen powered car would be less than half that of your current gas-mobile. In addition, it would be simpler, require less maintenance, and be environmentally friendly!
Blue Fuel Energy
A real solution to real problems
Global warming is real. That humankind has induced this scourge through the careless combustion of greenhouse-gas (GHG) generating fossil fuels is beyond debate. And despite the remarkably low price for a barrel of oil at present ($35-$40 in late 2008), the finite nature of the world’s oil resources is also real. The recession in which the global economy is currently mired is no illusion either. We are at a critical junction.
Business as usual is not an option
This applies profoundly to the energy field, where, fortunately, a “renewables revolution” is gaining traction around the world. In British Columbia (BC), Canada, Blue Fuel Energy is at the forefront of this revolution as we prepare to provide a practical, short- and medium-term option to fossil fuels for power generation, transportation and heating and cooking.
The world does not have time to wait for end-game solutions to bail us out at the 59-minute mark of the eleventh hour. We must act now if we are to prevent GHG emissions from peaking after 2015, the year regularly pegged by climate scientists as a cut-off point by which a drastic reduction in GHG emissions must be underway to prevent runaway climate change––and the consequent irreversible destruction of ecosystems and civilization as we know them.
Leading alternative to fossil fuels
Blue Fuel is now widely recognized by alternative fuel experts as a leading alternative fuel––one with, according to a 2005 report by US Department of Energy researchers, the greatest potential impact on society and should thus be considered the fuel of choice for eliminating dependency on petroleum-based fuels, such as natural gas, diesel, and propane, which carbon-neutral Blue Fuel can replace.
No new technology required
Not a panacea but a spoke in the clean alternative energy wheel, Blue Fuel can be used in many applications without the advent of new technology or scientific breakthroughs. Blue Fuel can be produced, distributed and used today with existing technologies. No light bulbs need turn on in the minds of researchers and inventors. Blue Fuel––like global warming, the upcoming oil shortage, and the recession––is for real.
Stepping stone to the Hydrogen Age
What is not yet real, but getting closer to being so, is the reforming, onboard vehicles, of Blue Fuel into hydrogen for powering fuel cells––devices that generate no CO2. The use of Blue Fuel for this purpose would solve two critical problems in the use of hydrogen as a transportation fuel: transportation and storage. When onboard reforming is perfected, Blue Fuel will serve as a stepping stone to the Hydrogen Age––and its full potential will be realized.
Water as Fuel?
Oleh: Jayan Sentanuhady
Bahan bakar (fuel) umumnya dari bahan-2 hidrokarbon seperti metan, propan, heptan, batu bara, arang, dll. Bahan bakar tersebut tersusun dari unsur carbon dan hydrogen. Tetapi hidrogen saja juga bisa dijadikan bahan bakar layaknya bahan bakar hidrokarbon. Jika bahan bakar hidrokarbon umumnya didapat dari bahan bakar fosil, bahan bakar hidrogen umunya didapat dengan cara elektoslisis dari berbagai sumber. Salah satu sumbernya tentu adalah air yang gratis dan murah didapat (kecuali air AQUA). Tetapi walau hidrogen diproses dari air, air (H2O dalam bentuk cair) tidak bisa disebut sebagai bahan bakar. Dengan melakukan proses elektrolisis, H2O tersebut dapat diubah menjadi gas hidrogen. Hidrogen inilah yang digunakan sebagai bahan bakar, jadi bahan bakarnya bukan air. Pada umumnya elektrolisis dengan menggunakan teknik pemberian electric pulse ke air. (tentang elektrolis akan di bahas tersendiri, krn chain branchingnya ruwet…)
Jika perekasinya (oksidizer) udara (0.21 O2 + 0.79 N2), hasil akhir proses reaksinya adalah H2O (dalam bentuk uap) dan N2 (tidak bereaksi, tetapi berfungsi sebagai diluent atau penghambat reaksi). Seperti hidrogen-2 yang lain, hasil pembakarannya juga sama reaktifnya
After we discuss what is the blue energy, then we we know that we can can get fuel from the water. So in this part i will provide the explanation of the proses to make the fuel from water.Actually the process called ”electrolysis”. Let’s we see the explanation as below:
The Hydrogen and Oxygen of Water
________________________________________
Hydrogen + Oxygen = Water
The simple statement that water is made from hydrogen and oxygen doesn't give us a very clear picture of what really goes into the creation of a molecule of water. A quick look at the chemical equation for the formation of water tells us more.
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O
It takes two molecules of the diatomic hydrogen gas, combined with one molecule of the diatomic oxygen gas to produce two molecules of water. In other words the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 2:1, the ratio of hydrogen to water is 1:1, and the ratio of oxygen to water is 1:2.
There's something more though that doesn't show up in the equation. Energy. The formation of water from it's elements produces, in addition to water, a tremendous amount of energy, 572 kJ to be exact.
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O + ENERGY
This is an example of an exothermic reaction, a reaction that produces energy. It is also an example of what is called a combustion reaction, where a substance (in this case hydrogen gas) is combined with oxygen. You are probably familiar with this reaction through two tragic examples of the unleashed energy of the combustion reaction of hydrogen, the Hindenburg, and the spaceshuttle Challenger.
Hydrogen Fuel?
Yes - hydrogen is a good, clean fuel, producing only water as a by-product. Unfortunately it produces so much energy that it can get out of control, resulting in an explosion. But let's forget about that explosive part for a minute and think about the possibilities - Hydrogen as a New Clean Fuel - it could be the end of the energy crisis - but where would we get the hydrogen?
Can we create Hydrogen from Water?
Oh Yes! It's the same chemical reaction, but run in reverse:
2H2O + ENERGY = 2H2 + O2
Notice now that the requirement is for energy to be ADDED TO the reactants. This is an example of an Endothermic reaction. This means that we could use Water as a Fuel! IF (and this is a big if) we could find an easy way to convert the water to hydrogen and oxygen, then the hydrogen could be used as a clean fuel.
One way to convert Water to Hydrogen and Oxygen is through the process of Electrolysis - using electricity as the source of energy to drive the reaction. Let's take a look at what that might look like:
IMAGE SOURCE: "Chemistry in Context" Wm C Brown Publishers, Dubuque Iowa, 2nd edition, A project of the American Chemical Society, ed: A. Truman Schwartz et al., 1997, Chapter 5 "The Wonder of Water"
________________________________________
Isn't this rather circular?
Using Energy to break water to form hydrogen to combine oxygen to form Energy - in this way is rather circular. In fact, because of the laws of thermodynamics, you can't break even in this exchange of energy. However, there exist better ways to disassemble water - namely using CATALYSIS.
IMAGE SOURCE: "Chemistry in Context" Wm C Brown Publishers, Dubuque Iowa, 2nd edition, A project of the American Chemical Society, ed: A. Truman Schwartz et al., 1997, Chapter 5 "The Wonder of Water"
________________________________________
What does a catalyst do?
A catalyst is a chemical compound that acts to speed up a reaction, but in the process is not itself changed. Therefore the catalyst, at the end of the reaction, is free to act again to assist another reactant through the reaction.
Catalysts work by lowering the energy barrier between the reactants and the products. In this case:
2H2O + ENERGY = 2H2 + O2
where it normally takes a tremendous amount of energy to convert reactants to products - the addition of a catalyst can decrease the amount of energy required and therefore speed the reaction up!
2H2O + CATALYST+ energy = 2H2 + O2 + CATALYST
________________________________________
Does this catalyst really exist?
Sort of...... Have you ever wondered how a plant uses water and carbon dioxide to create glucose and oxygen? This too is an endothermic reaction, an energy producing reaction run in reverse. Normally we would think of using glucose as a fuel, through oxidation we could produce carbon dioxide, water and energy - In fact this is what OUR bodies do to provide us with the energy we need for maintaining all of our bodily functions including THINKING!
Glucose (C6H12O6) + Oxygen (O2) = Water (H20) + Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + ENERGY
To run the reaction in reverse, the plant utilizes a catalyst - CHLOROPHYLL - and the energy from the SUN to aid in the decomposition of water. While the chlorophyllic reaction does produce diatomic oxygen gas, it does not produce the hydrogen in a gaseous form. The hydrogen released from the water is used for the formation of glucose.
Could we use such a catalyst for converting Water and Sunlight into Fuel?
Scientists often use Nature as a model for the development of new compounds. One such development, which has been studied extensively in this regard, is a molecule known as Rubippy. The structure of Rubippy is shown below. It is similar in structure to the chlorophyll molecule having a metal center (in chlorophyll it's a magnesium ion, in rubippy it's a ruthenium ion) and an attached system of organic rings (in chlorophyll its a porphyrin derivative, in rubippy its a pyridine derivative).
IMAGE SOURCE: "Chemistry in Context" Wm C Brown Publishers, Dubuque Iowa, 2nd edition, A project of the American Chemical Society, ed: A. Truman Schwartz et al., 1997, Chapter 5 "The Wonder of Water"
Acting as "relay" channel for the transfer of electrons, Rubippy has shown some potential to do just that - convert water and sunlight into a clean, seemingly inexhaustible, source of energy. However, while rubippy has shown promise in this regard, it is not a commercially viable enterprise because of it's high cost, instability, and low efficiency.
If Scientists were able to get Rubippy to work, or created a viable alternative, what would we do about the explosion potential of using Hydrogen Fuel?
Good question! Would you believe that it is possible to do the combustion of hydrogen without letting the oxygen and hydrogen come in contact? This can happen in a FUEL CELL. A fuel cell is like a battery - It utilizes a chemical reaction to produce electricity. A drawing of a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is shown below:
IMAGE SOURCE: "Chemistry in Context" Wm C Brown Publishers, Dubuque Iowa, 2nd edition, A project of the American Chemical Society, ed: A. Truman Schwartz et al., 1997, Chapter 5 "The Wonder of Water"
The kind of fuel cell shown here are routinely used in the space program. If this technology ever becomes viably available to the common person, the estimated cost of a fuel-cell hydrogen powered car would be less than half that of your current gas-mobile. In addition, it would be simpler, require less maintenance, and be environmentally friendly!
A real solution to real problems
Global warming is real. That humankind has induced this scourge through the careless combustion of greenhouse-gas (GHG) generating fossil fuels is beyond debate. And despite the remarkably low price for a barrel of oil at present ($35-$40 in late 2008), the finite nature of the world’s oil resources is also real. The recession in which the global economy is currently mired is no illusion either. We are at a critical junction.
Business as usual is not an option
This applies profoundly to the energy field, where, fortunately, a “renewables revolution” is gaining traction around the world. In British Columbia (BC), Canada, Blue Fuel Energy is at the forefront of this revolution as we prepare to provide a practical, short- and medium-term option to fossil fuels for power generation, transportation and heating and cooking.
The world does not have time to wait for end-game solutions to bail us out at the 59-minute mark of the eleventh hour. We must act now if we are to prevent GHG emissions from peaking after 2015, the year regularly pegged by climate scientists as a cut-off point by which a drastic reduction in GHG emissions must be underway to prevent runaway climate change––and the consequent irreversible destruction of ecosystems and civilization as we know them.
Leading alternative to fossil fuels
Blue Fuel is now widely recognized by alternative fuel experts as a leading alternative fuel––one with, according to a 2005 report by US Department of Energy researchers, the greatest potential impact on society and should thus be considered the fuel of choice for eliminating dependency on petroleum-based fuels, such as natural gas, diesel, and propane, which carbon-neutral Blue Fuel can replace.
No new technology required
Not a panacea but a spoke in the clean alternative energy wheel, Blue Fuel can be used in many applications without the advent of new technology or scientific breakthroughs. Blue Fuel can be produced, distributed and used today with existing technologies. No light bulbs need turn on in the minds of researchers and inventors. Blue Fuel––like global warming, the upcoming oil shortage, and the recession––is for real.
Stepping stone to the Hydrogen Age
What is not yet real, but getting closer to being so, is the reforming, onboard vehicles, of Blue Fuel into hydrogen for powering fuel cells––devices that generate no CO2. The use of Blue Fuel for this purpose would solve two critical problems in the use of hydrogen as a transportation fuel: transportation and storage. When onboard reforming is perfected, Blue Fuel will serve as a stepping stone to the Hydrogen Age––and its full potential will be realized.
Water as Fuel?
Oleh: Jayan Sentanuhady
Bahan bakar (fuel) umumnya dari bahan-2 hidrokarbon seperti metan, propan, heptan, batu bara, arang, dll. Bahan bakar tersebut tersusun dari unsur carbon dan hydrogen. Tetapi hidrogen saja juga bisa dijadikan bahan bakar layaknya bahan bakar hidrokarbon. Jika bahan bakar hidrokarbon umumnya didapat dari bahan bakar fosil, bahan bakar hidrogen umunya didapat dengan cara elektoslisis dari berbagai sumber. Salah satu sumbernya tentu adalah air yang gratis dan murah didapat (kecuali air AQUA). Tetapi walau hidrogen diproses dari air, air (H2O dalam bentuk cair) tidak bisa disebut sebagai bahan bakar. Dengan melakukan proses elektrolisis, H2O tersebut dapat diubah menjadi gas hidrogen. Hidrogen inilah yang digunakan sebagai bahan bakar, jadi bahan bakarnya bukan air. Pada umumnya elektrolisis dengan menggunakan teknik pemberian electric pulse ke air. (tentang elektrolis akan di bahas tersendiri, krn chain branchingnya ruwet…)
Jika perekasinya (oksidizer) udara (0.21 O2 + 0.79 N2), hasil akhir proses reaksinya adalah H2O (dalam bentuk uap) dan N2 (tidak bereaksi, tetapi berfungsi sebagai diluent atau penghambat reaksi). Seperti hidrogen-2 yang lain, hasil pembakarannya juga sama reaktifnya
After we discuss what is the blue energy, then we we know that we can can get fuel from the water. So in this part i will provide the explanation of the proses to make the fuel from water.Actually the process called ”electrolysis”. Let’s we see the explanation as below:
The Hydrogen and Oxygen of Water
________________________________________
Hydrogen + Oxygen = Water
The simple statement that water is made from hydrogen and oxygen doesn't give us a very clear picture of what really goes into the creation of a molecule of water. A quick look at the chemical equation for the formation of water tells us more.
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O
It takes two molecules of the diatomic hydrogen gas, combined with one molecule of the diatomic oxygen gas to produce two molecules of water. In other words the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 2:1, the ratio of hydrogen to water is 1:1, and the ratio of oxygen to water is 1:2.
There's something more though that doesn't show up in the equation. Energy. The formation of water from it's elements produces, in addition to water, a tremendous amount of energy, 572 kJ to be exact.
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O + ENERGY
This is an example of an exothermic reaction, a reaction that produces energy. It is also an example of what is called a combustion reaction, where a substance (in this case hydrogen gas) is combined with oxygen. You are probably familiar with this reaction through two tragic examples of the unleashed energy of the combustion reaction of hydrogen, the Hindenburg, and the spaceshuttle Challenger.
Hydrogen Fuel?
Yes - hydrogen is a good, clean fuel, producing only water as a by-product. Unfortunately it produces so much energy that it can get out of control, resulting in an explosion. But let's forget about that explosive part for a minute and think about the possibilities - Hydrogen as a New Clean Fuel - it could be the end of the energy crisis - but where would we get the hydrogen?
Can we create Hydrogen from Water?
Oh Yes! It's the same chemical reaction, but run in reverse:
2H2O + ENERGY = 2H2 + O2
Notice now that the requirement is for energy to be ADDED TO the reactants. This is an example of an Endothermic reaction. This means that we could use Water as a Fuel! IF (and this is a big if) we could find an easy way to convert the water to hydrogen and oxygen, then the hydrogen could be used as a clean fuel.
One way to convert Water to Hydrogen and Oxygen is through the process of Electrolysis - using electricity as the source of energy to drive the reaction. Let's take a look at what that might look like:
IMAGE SOURCE: "Chemistry in Context" Wm C Brown Publishers, Dubuque Iowa, 2nd edition, A project of the American Chemical Society, ed: A. Truman Schwartz et al., 1997, Chapter 5 "The Wonder of Water"
________________________________________
Isn't this rather circular?
Using Energy to break water to form hydrogen to combine oxygen to form Energy - in this way is rather circular. In fact, because of the laws of thermodynamics, you can't break even in this exchange of energy. However, there exist better ways to disassemble water - namely using CATALYSIS.
IMAGE SOURCE: "Chemistry in Context" Wm C Brown Publishers, Dubuque Iowa, 2nd edition, A project of the American Chemical Society, ed: A. Truman Schwartz et al., 1997, Chapter 5 "The Wonder of Water"
________________________________________
What does a catalyst do?
A catalyst is a chemical compound that acts to speed up a reaction, but in the process is not itself changed. Therefore the catalyst, at the end of the reaction, is free to act again to assist another reactant through the reaction.
Catalysts work by lowering the energy barrier between the reactants and the products. In this case:
2H2O + ENERGY = 2H2 + O2
where it normally takes a tremendous amount of energy to convert reactants to products - the addition of a catalyst can decrease the amount of energy required and therefore speed the reaction up!
2H2O + CATALYST+ energy = 2H2 + O2 + CATALYST
________________________________________
Does this catalyst really exist?
Sort of...... Have you ever wondered how a plant uses water and carbon dioxide to create glucose and oxygen? This too is an endothermic reaction, an energy producing reaction run in reverse. Normally we would think of using glucose as a fuel, through oxidation we could produce carbon dioxide, water and energy - In fact this is what OUR bodies do to provide us with the energy we need for maintaining all of our bodily functions including THINKING!
Glucose (C6H12O6) + Oxygen (O2) = Water (H20) + Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + ENERGY
To run the reaction in reverse, the plant utilizes a catalyst - CHLOROPHYLL - and the energy from the SUN to aid in the decomposition of water. While the chlorophyllic reaction does produce diatomic oxygen gas, it does not produce the hydrogen in a gaseous form. The hydrogen released from the water is used for the formation of glucose.
Could we use such a catalyst for converting Water and Sunlight into Fuel?
Scientists often use Nature as a model for the development of new compounds. One such development, which has been studied extensively in this regard, is a molecule known as Rubippy. The structure of Rubippy is shown below. It is similar in structure to the chlorophyll molecule having a metal center (in chlorophyll it's a magnesium ion, in rubippy it's a ruthenium ion) and an attached system of organic rings (in chlorophyll its a porphyrin derivative, in rubippy its a pyridine derivative).
IMAGE SOURCE: "Chemistry in Context" Wm C Brown Publishers, Dubuque Iowa, 2nd edition, A project of the American Chemical Society, ed: A. Truman Schwartz et al., 1997, Chapter 5 "The Wonder of Water"
Acting as "relay" channel for the transfer of electrons, Rubippy has shown some potential to do just that - convert water and sunlight into a clean, seemingly inexhaustible, source of energy. However, while rubippy has shown promise in this regard, it is not a commercially viable enterprise because of it's high cost, instability, and low efficiency.
If Scientists were able to get Rubippy to work, or created a viable alternative, what would we do about the explosion potential of using Hydrogen Fuel?
Good question! Would you believe that it is possible to do the combustion of hydrogen without letting the oxygen and hydrogen come in contact? This can happen in a FUEL CELL. A fuel cell is like a battery - It utilizes a chemical reaction to produce electricity. A drawing of a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is shown below:
IMAGE SOURCE: "Chemistry in Context" Wm C Brown Publishers, Dubuque Iowa, 2nd edition, A project of the American Chemical Society, ed: A. Truman Schwartz et al., 1997, Chapter 5 "The Wonder of Water"
The kind of fuel cell shown here are routinely used in the space program. If this technology ever becomes viably available to the common person, the estimated cost of a fuel-cell hydrogen powered car would be less than half that of your current gas-mobile. In addition, it would be simpler, require less maintenance, and be environmentally friendly!
Electrolysis of Water
By providing energy from a battery, water (H2O) can be dissociated into the diatomic molecules of hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2). This process is a good example of the the application of the four thermodynamic potentials.
The electrolysis of one mole of water produces a mole of hydrogen gas and a half-mole of oxygen gas in their normal diatomic forms. A detailed analysis of the process makes use of the thermodyamic potentials and the first law of thermodynamics. This process is presumed to be at 298K and one atmosphere pressure, and the relevant values are taken from a table of thermodynamic properties.
Quantity H2O H2 0.5 O2 Change
Enthalpy -285.83 kJ 0 0 ΔH = 285.83 kJ
Entropy 69.91 J/K 130.68 J/K 0.5 x 205.14 J/K TΔS = 48.7 kJ
The process must provide the energy for the dissociation plus the energy to expand the produced gases. Both of those are included in the change in enthalpy included in the table above. At temperature 298K and one atmosphere pressure, the system work is
W = PΔV = (101.3 x 103 Pa)(1.5 moles)(22.4 x 10-3 m3/mol)(298K/273K) = 3715 J
Since the enthalpy H= U+PV, the change in internal energy U is then
ΔU = ΔH - PΔV = 285.83 kJ - 3.72 kJ = 282.1 kJ
This change in internal energy must be accompanied by the expansion of the gases produced, so the change in enthalpy represents the necessary energy to accomplish the electrolysis. However, it is not necessary to put in this whole amount in the form of electrical energy. Since the entropy increases in the process of dissociation, the amount TΔS can be provided from the environment at temperature T. The amount which must be supplied by the battery is actually the change in the Gibbs free energy:
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS = 285.83 kJ - 48.7 kJ = 237.1 kJ
Since the electrolysis process results in an increase in entropy, the environment "helps" the process by contributing the amount TΔS. The utility of the Gibbs free energy is that it tells you what amount of energy in other forms must be supplied to get the process to proceed.
By providing energy from a battery, water (H2O) can be dissociated into the diatomic molecules of hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2). This process is a good example of the the application of the four thermodynamic potentials.
The electrolysis of one mole of water produces a mole of hydrogen gas and a half-mole of oxygen gas in their normal diatomic forms. A detailed analysis of the process makes use of the thermodyamic potentials and the first law of thermodynamics. This process is presumed to be at 298K and one atmosphere pressure, and the relevant values are taken from a table of thermodynamic properties.
Quantity H2O H2 0.5 O2 Change
Enthalpy -285.83 kJ 0 0 ΔH = 285.83 kJ
Entropy 69.91 J/K 130.68 J/K 0.5 x 205.14 J/K TΔS = 48.7 kJ
The process must provide the energy for the dissociation plus the energy to expand the produced gases. Both of those are included in the change in enthalpy included in the table above. At temperature 298K and one atmosphere pressure, the system work is
W = PΔV = (101.3 x 103 Pa)(1.5 moles)(22.4 x 10-3 m3/mol)(298K/273K) = 3715 J
Since the enthalpy H= U+PV, the change in internal energy U is then
ΔU = ΔH - PΔV = 285.83 kJ - 3.72 kJ = 282.1 kJ
This change in internal energy must be accompanied by the expansion of the gases produced, so the change in enthalpy represents the necessary energy to accomplish the electrolysis. However, it is not necessary to put in this whole amount in the form of electrical energy. Since the entropy increases in the process of dissociation, the amount TΔS can be provided from the environment at temperature T. The amount which must be supplied by the battery is actually the change in the Gibbs free energy:
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS = 285.83 kJ - 48.7 kJ = 237.1 kJ
Since the electrolysis process results in an increase in entropy, the environment "helps" the process by contributing the amount TΔS. The utility of the Gibbs free energy is that it tells you what amount of energy in other forms must be supplied to get the process to proceed.
Our world is crisis of energy resources. because energy from oil is limited. so the answer is the fenomena of "Blue Energi".The Basic of blue energi is from the burning of hidrogen.The Concept the blue energi is get hidrogen from water.So this is the simple concept of separated the hidrogen from water,as we know that water is H2O
Blue Energi Can be the energy recources alternative.This is Huge potential recources of energy.The world is need the blue energy for human life.
Blue Energi Can be the energy recources alternative.This is Huge potential recources of energy.The world is need the blue energy for human life.
Diskusi di media massa tentang blue energy tidak berujung pangkal karena kebanyakan ahli menolak sebagai suatu kemungkinan yang patut diterima secara skeptis (baca: tidak menolak 'mentah-mentah' atau menerima 'bulat-bulat'). Lalu belakangan muncul energi brown (media massa nasional) yang menyumirkan pengertian gas hidrogen dan gas brown walaupun keduanya ada kemiripan. Tulisan ini dilanjutkan dengan konsep plasma sebagai benang merah untuk menggabungkan konsep blue energy, energi brown dan bahan bakar air (BBA).
Banyak orang (di USA dan Indonesia) sudah memakai air sebagai BBA untuk mengurangi pemakaian BBM. Alat khusus yang dipakai adalah generator gas brown dan bukan alat elektrolisis air. Elektrolisis air menghasilkan gas hidrogen dan oksigen dan berbeda dengan generator gas brown. Gas hidrogen dari elektrolisis air biayanya mahal karena memakai arus besar untuk menghasilkan gas yang banyak dalam waktu lama. Sedangkan gas brown murah karena hanya memakai arus listrik dari aki mobil untuk membuat ikatan molekul air renggang. Karena berat jenis gas brown rendah, gas brown naik menjadi gelembung seperti air yang sedang mendidih. Mahalnya proses elektrolisis air dapat dilihat dari arus dan waktu. Menurut hukum Faraday, untuk kuat arus 5 A hanya dapat mengurai 18 gram air selama 11 jam sehingga dihasilkan 1,7 gram gas per jam sehingga tidak mampu memasok gas ke mesin secara cepat dalam waktu singkat.
Gas hidrogen dapat meledak (eksplosif) karena tekanannya yang kian membesar ketika dibakar. Sebaliknya gas brown bersifat implosif, tekanan mengecil ketika dibakar. Satu liter air dapat diubah menjadi 1.860 liter gas brown dan jika dibakar dalam ruangan pembakaran mesin, tekanan dan volume turun drastis dalam 44x10-6 detik. Mengecilnya tekanan setelah dibakar dinamai implosif.
Sudah banyak paten dengan berbagai klaim yang dikeluarkan di Amerika untuk peralatan las, ketel uap, heater dan banyak peralatan yang menggunakan energi gas brown. Demikian pula penggunaan gas brown untuk menghemat BBM sudah banyak dipakai terutama di Amerika. Banyak laporan yang mengatakan keuntungan jarak tempuh hingga lebih dari 200%. Walaupun demikian, belum diadopsi produsen kendaraan untuk dipakai secara luas.
Setelah lama riset BBA mandek, Kanzius menemukan bahwa air laut yang diberi medan listrik bolak-balik pada frekuensi radio (RF) dapat dibakar. Nyala api hasil pembakaran gas brown ini mencapai sekitar 1.650 derajat celsius. Bahkan dilaporkan bahwa gas brown dalam alat las dapat melelehkan aluminium, menguapkan wolfram, menghasilkan suhu 6.000 derajat celsius. Suhu yang tinggi ini biasanya hanya terjadi dalam plasma, yaitu campuran muatan positif dan negatif dalam suatu ruangan tertutup layaknya gas dalam silinder. Suhu inti plasma dapat mencapai puluhan ribu derajat celsius, namun di kulit pada dinding wadah lebih rendah yaitu beberapa ratus derajat celsius saja.
Plasma lazimnya dibangkitkan oleh medan listrik baik searah maupun bolak-balik seperti gelombang frekuensi radio, mikro, inframerah dan lain-lain. Yang termasuk dalam kelompok plasma yang dibangkitkan dengan medan listrik adalah lampu TL dari berbagai gas, kilat, dan berbagai peralatan yang memakai prinsip plasma. Meski demikian plasma dapat pula dibangkitkan dengan panas atau pembakaran seperti pada nyala api kompor, dalam ruang pembakaran mesin dan berbagai bentuk tanur pemanas. Dalam konteks mesin kendaraan bermotor, plasma dibangkitkan dengan pembakaran BBM lewat percikan busur api dari busi. Matahari dan bintang adalah bola plasma raksasa yang suhunya di dalam inti plasma mencapai jutaan derajat dan plasma jenis ini dibangkitkan oleh reaksi nuklir, khususnya fusi hidrogen menjadi helium.
Parameter yang terpenting dari plasma adalah bahwa energi panas yang dihasilkan bergantung pada populasi muatan dalam plasma. Semakin besar konsentrasi muatan dalam sebuah plasma maka temperatur plasma semakin tinggi dan menghasilkan energi panas yang besar dalam inti plasma. Dalam konteks gas brown, dapat dikatakan bahwa ketika molekul air yang renggang ini memasuki ruang pembakaran, segera terurai menjadi ion positif, ion negatif dan elektron yang dalam kungkungan silinder saling bercampur dan bertumbukan sehingga menghasilkan panas yang tinggi. Tingginya tekanan di dalam mesin dan bantuan sistem buka tutup pada katup mesin, menyebabkan proses perulangan pembentukan plasma terjadi selama mesin kendaraan hidup.
Singkatnya, penggunaan air sebagai bahan bakar sangat mungkin dengan konsep yang jelas bahwa generator gas brown menghasilkan gas yang terdiri dari molekul air yang ikatannya renggang, masuk dalam ruang pembakaran menjadi plasma untuk menambah konsentrasi muatan dalam plasma yang memberikan panas yang besar kepada mesin. Setelah plasma ini dibuang dari silinder, akan kembali menjadi gas berupa molekul air yang setelah kondensasi kembali menjadi tetesan air.
Kelanjutan dari teknologi plasma sebagai energi, tim riset Toyota sedang meriset penggunaan gas murah sebagai bahan bakar yang “dibakar” dengan plasma. Bahkan sebelum riset ini mature (matang), Prof Kanarev dari The Kuban State Agrarian University, Department of Theoretical Mechanics, Krasnodar, Rusia, telah berhasil mematenkan plasma air. Riset di MIT dan berbagai universitas di Eropa telah diarahkan juga untuk menyempurnakan penggunaan air sebagai BBA di samping aplikasi lainnya melalui teknologi plasma. Ini menandakan bahwa BBA akan menjadi bahan bakar secara luas beberapa tahun mendatang. Yang masih perlu diteliti dalam pemanfaatan plasma adalah suhu dan kecepatan putaran mesin berapa injeksi gas brown dimulai dan diakhiri, berapa volume gas brown yang diizinkan masuk dalam mesin agar plasma yang terbentuk dari pembakaran awal dengan BBM tidak redup, otomatisasi elektrik sehingga terjadi komunikasi antara keadaan di ruang pembakaran dan generator gas brown juga sangat penting untuk melindungi mobil agar tidak tersedak-sedak.
Penggunaan BBA secara langsung tanpa pemanasan awal dengan BBM menunggu perkembangan teknologi material dalam menghasilkan power supply dengan tegangan tinggi untuk menyundut plasma air serta isolator listrik untuk melindungi penumpang dari tegangan tinggi dari mesin. Selain itu, kemajuan di bidang material magnet dibutuhkan untuk mengungkung plasma agar terkonsentrasi dalam ruang pembakaran agar daya yang dipakai semakin rendah. Jika semua riset di bidang terkait seperti ini mature, mimpi air sebagai BBA secara langsung dapat terwujud.
Konsep blue energy dapat dimengerti lewat konsep plasma dengan BBM sebagai pembakar awal. Campuran BBM dan air mungkin dapat menghidupkan mesin walau air tidak habis seluruhnya. Semoga menjadi inspirasi untuk diskusi lebih lanjut bahkan riset.
Dr Kebamoto, Dosen FMIPA-Fisika UI
Sumber: Media Indonesia Online
http://www.mediaindonesia.com/index.php?ar_id=MTY3MTk=
Banyak orang (di USA dan Indonesia) sudah memakai air sebagai BBA untuk mengurangi pemakaian BBM. Alat khusus yang dipakai adalah generator gas brown dan bukan alat elektrolisis air. Elektrolisis air menghasilkan gas hidrogen dan oksigen dan berbeda dengan generator gas brown. Gas hidrogen dari elektrolisis air biayanya mahal karena memakai arus besar untuk menghasilkan gas yang banyak dalam waktu lama. Sedangkan gas brown murah karena hanya memakai arus listrik dari aki mobil untuk membuat ikatan molekul air renggang. Karena berat jenis gas brown rendah, gas brown naik menjadi gelembung seperti air yang sedang mendidih. Mahalnya proses elektrolisis air dapat dilihat dari arus dan waktu. Menurut hukum Faraday, untuk kuat arus 5 A hanya dapat mengurai 18 gram air selama 11 jam sehingga dihasilkan 1,7 gram gas per jam sehingga tidak mampu memasok gas ke mesin secara cepat dalam waktu singkat.
Gas hidrogen dapat meledak (eksplosif) karena tekanannya yang kian membesar ketika dibakar. Sebaliknya gas brown bersifat implosif, tekanan mengecil ketika dibakar. Satu liter air dapat diubah menjadi 1.860 liter gas brown dan jika dibakar dalam ruangan pembakaran mesin, tekanan dan volume turun drastis dalam 44x10-6 detik. Mengecilnya tekanan setelah dibakar dinamai implosif.
Sudah banyak paten dengan berbagai klaim yang dikeluarkan di Amerika untuk peralatan las, ketel uap, heater dan banyak peralatan yang menggunakan energi gas brown. Demikian pula penggunaan gas brown untuk menghemat BBM sudah banyak dipakai terutama di Amerika. Banyak laporan yang mengatakan keuntungan jarak tempuh hingga lebih dari 200%. Walaupun demikian, belum diadopsi produsen kendaraan untuk dipakai secara luas.
Setelah lama riset BBA mandek, Kanzius menemukan bahwa air laut yang diberi medan listrik bolak-balik pada frekuensi radio (RF) dapat dibakar. Nyala api hasil pembakaran gas brown ini mencapai sekitar 1.650 derajat celsius. Bahkan dilaporkan bahwa gas brown dalam alat las dapat melelehkan aluminium, menguapkan wolfram, menghasilkan suhu 6.000 derajat celsius. Suhu yang tinggi ini biasanya hanya terjadi dalam plasma, yaitu campuran muatan positif dan negatif dalam suatu ruangan tertutup layaknya gas dalam silinder. Suhu inti plasma dapat mencapai puluhan ribu derajat celsius, namun di kulit pada dinding wadah lebih rendah yaitu beberapa ratus derajat celsius saja.
Plasma lazimnya dibangkitkan oleh medan listrik baik searah maupun bolak-balik seperti gelombang frekuensi radio, mikro, inframerah dan lain-lain. Yang termasuk dalam kelompok plasma yang dibangkitkan dengan medan listrik adalah lampu TL dari berbagai gas, kilat, dan berbagai peralatan yang memakai prinsip plasma. Meski demikian plasma dapat pula dibangkitkan dengan panas atau pembakaran seperti pada nyala api kompor, dalam ruang pembakaran mesin dan berbagai bentuk tanur pemanas. Dalam konteks mesin kendaraan bermotor, plasma dibangkitkan dengan pembakaran BBM lewat percikan busur api dari busi. Matahari dan bintang adalah bola plasma raksasa yang suhunya di dalam inti plasma mencapai jutaan derajat dan plasma jenis ini dibangkitkan oleh reaksi nuklir, khususnya fusi hidrogen menjadi helium.
Parameter yang terpenting dari plasma adalah bahwa energi panas yang dihasilkan bergantung pada populasi muatan dalam plasma. Semakin besar konsentrasi muatan dalam sebuah plasma maka temperatur plasma semakin tinggi dan menghasilkan energi panas yang besar dalam inti plasma. Dalam konteks gas brown, dapat dikatakan bahwa ketika molekul air yang renggang ini memasuki ruang pembakaran, segera terurai menjadi ion positif, ion negatif dan elektron yang dalam kungkungan silinder saling bercampur dan bertumbukan sehingga menghasilkan panas yang tinggi. Tingginya tekanan di dalam mesin dan bantuan sistem buka tutup pada katup mesin, menyebabkan proses perulangan pembentukan plasma terjadi selama mesin kendaraan hidup.
Singkatnya, penggunaan air sebagai bahan bakar sangat mungkin dengan konsep yang jelas bahwa generator gas brown menghasilkan gas yang terdiri dari molekul air yang ikatannya renggang, masuk dalam ruang pembakaran menjadi plasma untuk menambah konsentrasi muatan dalam plasma yang memberikan panas yang besar kepada mesin. Setelah plasma ini dibuang dari silinder, akan kembali menjadi gas berupa molekul air yang setelah kondensasi kembali menjadi tetesan air.
Kelanjutan dari teknologi plasma sebagai energi, tim riset Toyota sedang meriset penggunaan gas murah sebagai bahan bakar yang “dibakar” dengan plasma. Bahkan sebelum riset ini mature (matang), Prof Kanarev dari The Kuban State Agrarian University, Department of Theoretical Mechanics, Krasnodar, Rusia, telah berhasil mematenkan plasma air. Riset di MIT dan berbagai universitas di Eropa telah diarahkan juga untuk menyempurnakan penggunaan air sebagai BBA di samping aplikasi lainnya melalui teknologi plasma. Ini menandakan bahwa BBA akan menjadi bahan bakar secara luas beberapa tahun mendatang. Yang masih perlu diteliti dalam pemanfaatan plasma adalah suhu dan kecepatan putaran mesin berapa injeksi gas brown dimulai dan diakhiri, berapa volume gas brown yang diizinkan masuk dalam mesin agar plasma yang terbentuk dari pembakaran awal dengan BBM tidak redup, otomatisasi elektrik sehingga terjadi komunikasi antara keadaan di ruang pembakaran dan generator gas brown juga sangat penting untuk melindungi mobil agar tidak tersedak-sedak.
Penggunaan BBA secara langsung tanpa pemanasan awal dengan BBM menunggu perkembangan teknologi material dalam menghasilkan power supply dengan tegangan tinggi untuk menyundut plasma air serta isolator listrik untuk melindungi penumpang dari tegangan tinggi dari mesin. Selain itu, kemajuan di bidang material magnet dibutuhkan untuk mengungkung plasma agar terkonsentrasi dalam ruang pembakaran agar daya yang dipakai semakin rendah. Jika semua riset di bidang terkait seperti ini mature, mimpi air sebagai BBA secara langsung dapat terwujud.
Konsep blue energy dapat dimengerti lewat konsep plasma dengan BBM sebagai pembakar awal. Campuran BBM dan air mungkin dapat menghidupkan mesin walau air tidak habis seluruhnya. Semoga menjadi inspirasi untuk diskusi lebih lanjut bahkan riset.
Dr Kebamoto, Dosen FMIPA-Fisika UI
Sumber: Media Indonesia Online
http://www.mediaindonesia.com/index.php?ar_id=MTY3MTk=
Tadi pagi (22/7) saya melihat acara di salah satu stasiun televisi swasta tentang brown energy atau disebut juga Gas brown. Gas Brown adalah semacam teknologi yang dapat membuat konsumsi bahan bakar hemat sampai 90%. As we know, penyebab terbesar polusi di dunia adalah pembakaran bahan bakar dari kendaraan. Selain itu, dengan menggunakan brown energy ini, hasil gas yang dibuang sangat ramah lingkungan.
Gas Brown yang dinamakan sesuai dengan penemunya, Yull Brown, yang berkebangsaan Australia, sesungguhnya adalah campuran gas hidrogen-hidrogen-oksigen yang dihasilkan dari sistem elektrolisa atau pengurai cairan. Dalam tabung elektrolisa itu dipasang kumparan magnetik untuk memecahkan campuran air destilasi dan soda kue hingga menjadi campuran gas hidrogen-hidrogen-oksigen (HHO). Hidrogen bersifat eksplosif dan oksigen yang mendukung pembakaran.
Gas HHO ini dalam tabung elektrolisa yang dialirkan lewat selang masuk ke ruang bakar mesin dan akan bercampur dengan gas hidrokarbon dari BBM. Dengan cara ini BBM dapat dihemat dalam tingkat yang signifikan.
Dan ternyata penemuan teknologi BBA ini sebenarnya telah berusia 90 tahun. Namun, karena alasan bisnis, hasil temuan ini dihilangkan, bukan hanya temuannya, tetapi juga penelitinya. Nasib tragis dialami Nicola Tesla yang dipenjara dan dihukum mati tahun 1943 dan Stanley Meyer dari AS yang terbunuh tahun 1998.
Upaya pembuatan bahan bakar air (watercar) sebenarnya telah dirintis lebih dari dua abad, tepatnya tahun 1805, oleh Isaac de Rivaz yang berkebangsaan Swiss. Ia orang pertama yang menggunakan hidrogen yang dihasilkan dari elektrolisa sebagai bahan bakar mesin dengan pembakaran internal. Namun, rancangannya belum memuaskan.
Setelah itu, tersebutlah beberapa nama peneliti yang melanjutkan upaya itu, antara lain Luther Wattles dan Rudolf A Erren.
Kemudian, Yull Brown, warga Sydney, Australia, pada tahun 1974 berhasil membuat BBA untuk menggerakkan mesin. (sumber kompas.com)
Gas Brown yang dinamakan sesuai dengan penemunya, Yull Brown, yang berkebangsaan Australia, sesungguhnya adalah campuran gas hidrogen-hidrogen-oksigen yang dihasilkan dari sistem elektrolisa atau pengurai cairan. Dalam tabung elektrolisa itu dipasang kumparan magnetik untuk memecahkan campuran air destilasi dan soda kue hingga menjadi campuran gas hidrogen-hidrogen-oksigen (HHO). Hidrogen bersifat eksplosif dan oksigen yang mendukung pembakaran.
Gas HHO ini dalam tabung elektrolisa yang dialirkan lewat selang masuk ke ruang bakar mesin dan akan bercampur dengan gas hidrokarbon dari BBM. Dengan cara ini BBM dapat dihemat dalam tingkat yang signifikan.
Dan ternyata penemuan teknologi BBA ini sebenarnya telah berusia 90 tahun. Namun, karena alasan bisnis, hasil temuan ini dihilangkan, bukan hanya temuannya, tetapi juga penelitinya. Nasib tragis dialami Nicola Tesla yang dipenjara dan dihukum mati tahun 1943 dan Stanley Meyer dari AS yang terbunuh tahun 1998.
Upaya pembuatan bahan bakar air (watercar) sebenarnya telah dirintis lebih dari dua abad, tepatnya tahun 1805, oleh Isaac de Rivaz yang berkebangsaan Swiss. Ia orang pertama yang menggunakan hidrogen yang dihasilkan dari elektrolisa sebagai bahan bakar mesin dengan pembakaran internal. Namun, rancangannya belum memuaskan.
Setelah itu, tersebutlah beberapa nama peneliti yang melanjutkan upaya itu, antara lain Luther Wattles dan Rudolf A Erren.
Kemudian, Yull Brown, warga Sydney, Australia, pada tahun 1974 berhasil membuat BBA untuk menggerakkan mesin. (sumber kompas.com)
